Choosing a family therapy doctorate comes down to one core question: do you want to generate new knowledge, or apply it? If you're comparing MFT doctoral programs, you've likely come across two distinct paths: a research-focused PhD and a practice-focused doctorate. At Loma Linda University School of Behavioral Health Department of Counseling and Family Sciences, those paths are the PhD in Systems, Families, and Couples and the Doctor of Marital and Family Therapy (DMFT). Both are advanced, post-master's degrees, but they prepare graduates for different kinds of careers. This guide walks through the key differences so you can choose the path that fits your goals, whether that's a research and teaching career or advanced leadership.
What is a PhD in Systems, Families, and Couples?
A PhD in Systems, Families, and Couples is a scholar-practitioner focused doctoral degree that prepares graduates to advance knowledge in behavioral health, family science, and family therapy through research, teaching, practice, and leadership. Students develop expertise in research methods, theory, teaching and systemic approaches to understanding individuals, couples, families, and communities. While graduates may continue clinical work if they are already licensed, the primary emphasis is on generating new knowledge and contributing to the profession through research and education.
What is a Doctor of Marital and Family Therapy (DMFT)?
A Doctor of Marital and Family Therapy (DMFT) is an advanced practice degree that prepares students to work as applied researchers in a variety of settings. DMFTs develop and evaluate programs to solve real-world problems and are attentive to the needs of the communities they serve. DMFTs are often advanced practitioners who have gained extensive experience as marriage and family therapists or professional clinical counselors and are interested in advancing their careers. Further, DMFTs may work as supervisors, clinical directors, or in other leadership roles. The primary emphasis of the DMFT program is the development of the professional into a leader in the field.
What's the core difference between the two degrees?
The primary difference is their focus.
- PhD in Systems, Families, and Couples: Emphasizes scholarship, teaching, and practice preparing future academic faculty and organizational leadership.
- DMFT: Emphasizes advanced professional leadership, supervision, and application of research.
At a Glance: PhD vs. DMFT
| PhD | DMFT | |
|---|---|---|
| Primary focus | Scholarship, teaching, practice | Advanced leadership |
| Best fit for | Future faculty, researchers, organizational leadership | Individuals with the ability to practice as MFTs or PCCs, supervisors, program administrators |
| Typical outcomes | University faculty, researcher, organizational leadership | Organizational leadership, supervision, advanced administrative roles |
| Leads to MFT licensure? | No — post-master's degree | No — post-master's degree |
Which degree leads to licensure as an MFT?
Neither degree by itself leads to initial licensure as a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (MFT).
Students seeking MFT licensure must first complete an approved master's-level program that meets their state's educational and clinical requirements. The PhD and DMFT are post-master's doctoral degrees intended for professionals who have already completed foundational clinical training. Prospective students should always verify licensure requirements with the licensing board in the state where they plan to practice.
Which degree is better suited for a university teaching or research career?
The PhD in Systems, Families, and Couples is generally the better choice for individuals whose goals include:
- Becoming a university professor
- Conducting research
- Publishing and presenting scholarly work
- Securing research funding
- Mentoring and teaching graduate students
- Advancing theory and evidence-based practice
- Taking on leadership roles in organizations and community-based practice
Its strong research and dissertation components provide preparation for academic and research-intensive careers.
Which degree is better suited for staying in clinical practice?
The DMFT is typically the better fit for clinicians who want to remain actively engaged in therapy while expanding their expertise.
Graduates often pursue roles such as:
- Leader of behavioral health programs in organizations and community settings
- Clinical supervisor or mentor
- Practice owner or director
- Program administrator
- Clinical educator
- Non-profit leader or developer
The curriculum is designed to strengthen advanced leadership in practice settings. Some DMFTs do go on to work in academia and may be full-time professors, just as some PhDs may go on to be advanced clinical leaders. There is some overlap in potential careers and outcomes; however, the emphasis on application in the DMFT distinguishes it from the emphasis on theory in the PhD.
What makes LLU SBH's Systems, Families, and Couples PhD distinct?
LLU SBH's Systems, Families, and Couples PhD is distinguished by preparing scholar-practitioners to generate impactful research, teach in higher education, and provide leadership across academic, healthcare, community, and global settings. A unique feature of the program is the opportunity for students to tailor their doctoral education through elective coursework aligned with their professional interests and career goals. Elective areas include Medical Family Therapy and Integrated Behavioral Health, Community Mental Health, Systemic Leadership, Global Mental Health, and Family Life Education. This flexibility allows students to cultivate expertise in their areas of interest while strengthening their development as family science and therapy scholars and leaders.
What makes LLU SBH's DMFT distinct?
LLU SBH's DMFT is distinct from other DMFT programs in its emphasis on leadership and producing well-rounded professionals. This is seen in a varied curriculum that provides the skills and tools necessary to advance professionally. Further, the LLU SBH DMFT program utilizes a cohort model and offers the flexibility of online education. This is aimed at developing a community of learners within the program while respecting the demands of a working professional pursuing higher education. Our students are often already emerging or aspiring leaders in the field and use this degree to progress toward their goals quickly and efficiently.
Are the programs accredited?
Both the Systems, Families, and Couples PhD and DMFT programs are accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education (COAMFTE).
How do I choose the right path for my goals?
Which program you choose depends on your long-term goals and aspirations. Consider reviewing the job descriptions of your ideal job and see if the job responsibilities reflect the skills learned in one program over the other. Students are able to lead successful careers after completing either program, but the career trajectory and emphasis is shaped by the skills and training received in either program. If you have further questions, both program directors would be happy to talk to you about their respective program.
Ready to take the next step?
Explore program details, admission requirements, and how to connect with a program director: