
Assistant Professor, Psychology
Contact Information
Email [email protected]
Department of Psychology
Loma Linda University, Central Building
11130 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350
Degrees and Certifications
- PhD, Clinical Psychology - University of Connecticut, 2021
- MS, Clinical Psychology - University of Connecticut, 2016
- MA, Psychology - Columbia University, 2013
Areas of Specialization
- Cardiovascular behavioral medicine
- Health psychology
- Biobehavioral mechanisms linking stress and health
- Stress physiology
- Trauma and resilience
- Mind-body interventions
Professional Licenses and Memberships
- Licensed Psychologist, California Board of Psychology
- Member, American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation
- Member, American Psychological Association
- Member, Society for Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine
Recent Publications and Presentations
Lee, S. Y., Gathright, E. C., Cilhoroz, B. T., †Arms, S., Park, C. L., & Pescatello, L. S. (2025). Examination of positive states of mind and heart rate variability: Stress appraisals as a mechanism in trauma-exposed adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107503
Lee, S. Y., Brown, S., Vergara-Lopez, C., Jennings Mathis, K., Bock, B. C., Nugent, N. R., Parade, S. H., Tyrka, A. R., & Stroud, L. R. (2025). Multilevel and multimodal biobehavioral methods in the study of stress, trauma, and resilience: A systems approach. Journal of Neural Transmission. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-025-02962-8
Santander, C. J., Lee, S. Y., Peters, G., Marsit, C. J., & Stroud, L. R. (2024). Prenatal stress and socioeconomic status as predictors of placental methylation in pregnant people. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 70(3), 477-497. https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2024.a958889
Ouaddi, S., Keirns, N. G., Lee, S. Y., Dunsiger, S., Gathright, E., Burg, M., Breault, C., Tripolone, J., & Salmoirago-Blotcher, E. (2024). Psychological factors and blood pressure responses to acute stress in women with Takotsubo Syndrome: An exploratory study. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 24(3), 434-443. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjcn/zvae148
Slimovitch, R., Lee, S. Y., Vergara-Lopez, C., Bublitz, M. H., & Stroud, L. R. (2024). Reactivity to peer rejection moderates the effect of victimization on adolescent girls' depressive symptoms: A prospective study. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 52, 1901-1912. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-024-01243-4
Lee, S. Y., Vergara-Lopez, C., Jennings, E., Nugent, N. R., Parade, S. H., Tyrka, A. R., & Stroud, L. R. (2024). How can we build structural resilience? Integration of social-ecological and minority stress models. American Psychologist, 79(8), 1012-1024. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001252
Vergara-Lopez, C., Scalco, M. D., Gaffey, A. E., Reid, B. M., Bublitz, M. H., Lee, S. Y., Gomez, A., Mercado, N., & Stroud, L. R. (2024). The interactive effects of rejection and rumination on diurnal cortisol among adolescent girls: A daily diary study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 48, 1027-1034. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2012.00657.x
Holder, K., Lee, S. Y., Raza, F. Z., & Stroud, L. R. (2024). Addressing burnout and enhancing well-being among academic physicians: A call for future research and organizational support. HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine, 5(3), 5. https://doi.org/10.36518/2689-0216.1742
Stroud, L. R., Jao, N. C., Ward, L. G., Lee, S. Y., & Marsit, C. J. (2024). Differential impact of prenatal PTSD symptoms and preconception trauma exposure on placental NR3C1 and FKBP5 methylation. Stress, 27(1), 2321595. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2024.2321595
Lee, S. Y., Jao, N. C., Gaffey, A., Reid, B. M., Vergara-Lopez, C., Bublitz, M. H., & Stroud, L. R. (2024). Female adolescents' early life stress and body mass index: Differential effects of anger and anxiety in response to rejection. Journal of Adolescence, 96(4), 830-840. https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12302
Gnall, K. E., Garnesy, C., Lee, S. Y., & Park, C. L. (2023). Does use of health behaviors to cope with stress predict sleep impairment in trauma-exposed community adults? Stress and Health, 40(3), e3350. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3350
Bergstrom, T., Reid, B. M., Lee, S. Y., & Stroud, L. R. (2023). The history of clinical psychology and its relationship to ableism: Using the past to inform future directions in disability-affirming care. The Behavior Therapist, 46(7), 255-261.
Stroud, L. R., Morningstar, M., Vergara-Lopez, C., Bublitz, M. H., Lee, S. Y., Sanes, J. N., Dahl, R. E., Silk, J. S., Nelson, E. E., & Dickstein, D. P. (2023). Neural activation to peer acceptance and rejection in relation to concurrent and prospective depression risk in adolescent and pre-adolescent girls. Biological Psychology, 181, 108618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108618
Lee, S. Y., Gathright, E. C., Wu, W. C., & Salmoirago-Blotcher, E. (2023). Mindfulness-based interventions for patients with cardiovascular disease: A focused review for practicing clinicians. Current Cardiology Reports, 25(4), 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-023-01846-1
Gaffey, A. E., Goldstein, C. M., Hays, M. H., Lee, S. Y., & Gaalema, D. E. (2023). Psychological risk factors in cardiac rehabilitation: Anxiety, depression, social isolation, and anger/hostility. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 43(6), E20-E21. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0000000000000828
Gaffey, A. E., Goldstein, C. M., Lee, S. Y., Hays, M. H., & Gaalema, D. E. (2023). Psychological risk factors in pulmonary rehabilitation: Anxiety, depression, social isolation, and cognitive impairment. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 44(1), E3-E4. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0000000000000843
Lee, S. Y., Vergara-Lopez, C., Bublitz, M. H., Gaffey, A. E., D'Angelo, C., & Stroud, L. R. (2022). Adolescent girls' cardiovascular responses to peer rejection: Exploring the impact of early life stress. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 46, 451-459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-022-00366-7
Lee, S. Y., Park, C. L., Cilhoroz, B. T., & Pescatello, L. S. (2022). PTSD symptom clusters and cardiovascular responses to stress: Reactivity and recovery. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 161, 110996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110996
Ching, T. H. W., Finkelstein-Fox, L., Lee, S. Y., & Watson, R. J. (2022). Effects of sexual and gender minority stress on depressive symptoms among adolescents of color in the United States. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 30(2), 309-318. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000562
Lee, S. Y., Park, C. L., & †Laflash, S. (2022). Perceived posttraumatic growth in cardiac patients: A systematic scoping review. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 35(3), 771-1041. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22799
Lee, S. Y., Agocha, V. B., Hernandez, P. R., Park, C. L., Williams, M., & Carney, L. M. (2022). Coping styles moderate the relationship between perceived discrimination and eating behaviors during the transition to college. Appetite, 168, 105699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105699
Lee, S. Y., Waring, M. E., Park, C. L., & †Blake, E. (2021). Do depressive symptoms predict blood pressure control in US veterans? Journal of General Internal Medicine, 37(1), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-06709-5
Finkelstein-Fox, L., Sinnott, S. M., Lee, S. Y., Carney, L. M., Park, C. L., … & Hoff, R. (2021). Meaningful military engagement among male and female post-9/11 veterans: An examination of correlates and implications for resilience. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(10), 2167-2186. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23150
Lee, S. Y., & Hardy, S. M. (2026, March). Psychological distress and ambulatory heart rate in recent myocardial infarction patients. In Lee, S. Y. & Freedland, K. E. (Chairs), Psychological stress and cardiovascular health: Across the continuum of disease risk. Symposium presentation at the 2026 Annual Meeting of the Society for Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Hardy, S. M., Xu, A., Bhuptani, P. H., & Lee, S. Y. (2026, March). Peritraumatic dissociation predicts altered autonomic recovery: Conditional effects of adulthood sexual assault. Paper presentation at the 2026 Annual Meeting of the Society for Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Lee, S. Y., Gathright, E. C., Cilhoroz, B. T., Pescatello, L. S., & Park, C. L. (2025, August). Challenge appraisal as a mediator of the association between positive states of mind and heart rate variability in trauma survivors. Poster presentation at the 18th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
Xu, A., Lee, S. Y., & Stroud, L. R. (2025, March). Perinatal perceived stress and maternal blood pressure changes: Implications for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Poster presentation at the 2025 Annual Meeting of the Society for Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine, Seattle, WA.
Lee, S. Y. (2024, September). Impact of social isolation and loneliness. In C. M. Goldstein & S. Y. Lee (Presenters), Moving from stress, trauma, and social disconnection to resilience: State of the science and practical strategies for staff and patients. Session at the 39th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Anaheim, CA.
Slimovitch, R., Lee, S. Y., Vergara-Lopez, C., Bublitz, M. H., & Stroud, L. R. (2024, March). Victim or bully? The role of peer rejection reactivity in depressive symptoms in adolescent girls. Poster presentation at the 45th Annual Meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
Bergstrom, T., Reid, B. M., Lee, S. Y., & Stroud, L. R. (2023, November). The history of clinical psychology and its relationship to ableism: Using the past to inform future directions in disability-affirming care. Poster presentation at the 57th Annual Convention of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, Seattle, WA.
Lee, S. Y. (2023, September). Promoting resilience and stress-related growth. In M. Hays, C. M. Goldstein, & S. Y. Lee (Presenters), Helping the helpers: Practical behavioral strategies for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation staff to improve staff cohesion and well-being. Session at the 38th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Milwaukee, WI.
Santander, C. J., Lee, S. Y., & Stroud, L. R. (2023, April). Socioeconomic status, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and placental methylation in perinatal women. Poster presentation at the 22nd Annual New England Science Symposium at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Lee, S. Y., Maloney, S., Feulner, M., Belanger, N. M. S., & Stroud, L. R. (2023, March). Early life stress, childhood sexual abuse, and sleep quality in perinatal women. Data blitz presentation at the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Society for Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine, San Juan, PR.
Keirns, N. G., Ouaddi, S., Black, E., Gathright, E. C., Lee, S. Y., Tripolone, J., Breault, C., Burg, M. M., & Salmoirago-Blotcher, E. (2023, March). Psychological distress and stress reactivity in women with Takotsubo Syndrome. Poster presentation at the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Society for Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine, San Juan, PR.
Sang, K., Lee, S. Y., & Park, C. L. (2023, March). Health locus of control and psychological distress in trauma-exposed community adults. Poster presentation at the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Society for Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine, San Juan, PR.
Lee, S. Y., Jao, N. C., Ward, L. G., & Stroud, L. R. (2022, November). Associations of maternal trauma history and PTSD symptoms with placental NR3C1 promoter methylation. Poster presentation at the 38th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Atlanta, GA.
Lee, S. Y., Bublitz, M. H., Gaffey, A. E., Jao, N. C., Reid, B. M., Vergara-Lopez, C., & Stroud, L. R. (2022, March). Adolescent girls' early life stress and body mass index: Differential effects of anger and anxiety in response to rejection. Poster presentation at the 2022 Annual Meeting of the Society for Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine, Long Beach, CA.
Lee, S. Y. (2021, October). Building resilience among healthcare workers in the COVID-19 era: Where do we go from here? Session at the 36th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. (Virtual conference).
Lee, S. Y., Vergara-Lopez, C., Bublitz, M. H., & Stroud, L. R. (2021, June). Early life stress and cardiovascular recovery in response to peer rejection among adolescent girls. Poster presentation at the 16th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine. (Virtual conference).
Community Engagement
- Awards Committee Member, International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (2025-present)
- Associate Editor, Journal of General Internal Medicine (2024-present)
- Lead Copy Editor, American Psychological Association, Trauma Psychology News (2021-present)
- Board of Directors, American Heart Association Southern New England (2025-2026)